Abstract: In satellite communication, the collaborative work and weight setting of multiple links are crucial for optimizing overall communication performance. Traditional methods are too rigid in adjusting weights and setting too many static weights when allocating resources and optimizing links, which affects the communication effectiveness of transmission links. Therefore, a satellite communication transmission link optimization method based on improved simulated annealing algorithm was designed. This method first analyzes the connection status of satellite network nodes and selects the optimal transmission path by considering the energy consumption of each path. Then, an improved simulated annealing algorithm is used to accurately calibrate the link encoding, in order to reduce transmission errors and losses. Finally, multiple independent link data are fused to construct an optimization model for satellite communication transmission links, and the objective function design is completed. When solving the objective function, the global search capability of simulated annealing algorithm and the fast convergence characteristics of particle swarm optimization are integrated. Through iterative optimization algorithm, a comprehensive search is conducted in complex satellite networks to find the globally optimal link configuration scheme. The experimental results show that when the design method is applied, its error rate is less than 10 ‰, the success rate of information transmission is higher than 92%, and the normalized values of link reception efficiency under different apertures are high, which fully verifies the effectiveness and superiority of the method and has greater application value.