相位可调可编程数字移相器软硬件设计

    Design of programmable digital phase shifter circuit

    • 摘要: 基于多波束相控阵技术对可编程射频器件的核心需求,文章创新性地构建了相位可调可编程数字移相系统解决方案。首先,一体化设计了FPGA控制模块、电平转换单元、移相器射频电路硬件系统。其次,基于Verilog HDL构建双通道独立控制系统,采用串口+RS232混合通信协议为整个系统提供了软件支撑。最后,完成实物样机研制,利用网络分析仪测试系统,对移相效果进行验证。实测数据显示:在9.37 GHz中心频点,均方相位误差6.5°,插入损耗小于等于6 dB,切换时间小于15 μs,功率容量1.5 W。特别在相位边缘值355°时,保持1.2:1的优良驻波比性能,成功实现X波段(8 GHz~12 GHz)射频信号的精准相位操控,其双通道独立编程控制能力为多波束形成系统提供了硬件基础,为新一代相控阵雷达的波束控制系统提供了可扩展的技术平台,在卫星通信、毫米波成像等领域具有显著应用价值。

       

      Abstract: Based on the core requirements of programmable RF devices for multi-beam phased array technology, this study innovatively constructed a phase-adjustable and programmable digital phase-shifting system solution. Firstly, an integrated design was carried out for the FPGA control module, level conversion unit, and phase shifter RF circuit hardware system. Secondly, a dual-channel independent control system was built using Verilog HDL, and a serial port + RS232 hybrid communication protocol was adopted to provide software support for the entire system. Finally, a physical prototype was developed, and the phase-shifting effect was verified using a network analyzer. The measured data show that at the center frequency of 9.37 GHz, the Root Mean Square(RMS) phase error is 6.5°, the insertion loss is ≤ 6 dB, the switching time is < 15 μs, and the power capacity is 1.5 W. Particularly, at the phase edge value of 355°, a good VSWR performance of 1.2:1 is maintained. This study successfully achieved precise phase control of X-band (8G~12 GHz) RF signals, and its dual-channel independent programming control capability provides a hardware foundation for multi-beam forming systems. It offers an expandable technical platform for the beam control system of the next-generation phased array radar and has significant application value in satellite communication, millimeter-wave imaging, and other fields.