智能机器人训练平台发展现状分析

    Overview of the intelligent robot training platform

    • 摘要: 智能机器人是一个包含机电传动、运动控制、环境感知和人工智能的高度集成复杂机电系统,当前驱动电机、传感器和灵巧手等核心部件性能不足,引起智能机器人的机械误差、定位误差、传感器误差叠加,且由于缺乏固定的运动基座,智能机器人实际任务执行误差较大。另外,运动规划与控制算法的动态性不足,大模型泛化能力有限,机器人训练数据集的容量和有效性不足等技术瓶颈,导致智能机器人在任务执行中稳定性和可靠性较低,行业应用有限。众多研究机构和学者认为,智能机器人可以通过训练来提高机器人的稳定性和泛化能力,行业头部企业也开始布局机器人训练平台,以加快完成智能机器人落地应用。基于智能机器人训练领域的技术进展与发展动态,本文首先阐述了智能机器人训练的目的,然后综述了当前几款主要仿真训练平台和现实训练平台,并进一步分析了仿真训练平台与现实训练平台的优点和不足。最后,针对智能机器人训练,提出了以功能模块划分为基础的“仿真+现实”综合训练思路,以期为后续研究提供参考与启发。

       

      Abstract: Intelligent robots are highly integrated complex electromechanical system that incorporates electromechanical transmission, motion control, environmental perception, and artificial intelligence. At present, the performance of the core components such as driving motor, sensor and dexterous hand is insufficient, which leads to the superposition of mechanical error, positioning error, and sensor error in intelligent robot. Besides, with a lacking of fixed motion base, intelligent robots have large execution error in practical tasks. Also the dynamic performance of motion planning and control algorithm is not sufficient, the generalization ability of the large model is limited, and the capacity and effectiveness of robot training dataset are not up to standard. These technical bottlenecks lead to low stability and reliability of intelligent robots in task execution and limited industry applications. Many research institutions and researchers believe that intelligent robots can enhance their stability and generalization ability through training. And the leading enterprises in the robotic industry have also begun to lay out robot training platforms to accelerate the application of intelligent robots. Based on the technological progress and development trends in the intelligent robot training field, firstly, the purpose of intelligent robot training is expounded. Then, several current main simulation training platforms and real training platforms for intelligent robots are introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of the simulation training platforms and real training platforms are further analyzed. Finally, for the training of intelligent robots, an idea of "simulation + reality" comprehensive training based on the division of functional modules is proposed, hoping to provide reference and inspiration for subsequent research.