Abstract: With the advent of the era of “space economy”, space competition among major powers has become increasingly fierce, which puts forward higher requirements for the measurement accuracy and multi-dimensional target parameter measurement of spaceborne radar systems. Existing spaceborne radar systems are mainly implemented by conventional microwave technology, facing problems such as low speed of electronic devices, small operating bandwidth, poor reconfigurability, etc. These problems have increasingly become the bottleneck that limits the further development of spaceborne radar systems. The introduction of microwave photonic technology into radar systems can effectively overcome the limitations of electronic technology and break through the bottleneck of radar technology by using the characteristics of high frequency, large bandwidth and reconfiguration of photonic technology. This paper expounds on the characteristics and basic structure of reconfigurable microwave photonic radars for multi-dimensional detection, introduces the principle and method of multi-dimensional target parameter measurement and radar waveform reconfiguration, and discuss the development trend of spaceborne microwave photonic radar and issues to be considered in special application environments. With the development of microwave photonic radar technology and optoelectronic integration technology, microwave photonic radar is expected to be widely used in the future spaceborne radar system.