低轨宽带OFDM信号特性分析与处理

    Characterization analysis and processing of low earth orbit broadband OFDM signals

    • 摘要: 在低轨宽带互联网系统中,星载基站是实现全球无缝覆盖及泛在接入的核心设备。当前5G NR物理层采用OFDM波形,低轨的高动态无线通信环境会对宽带OFDM信号在时频域造成变形,影响星载基站正确的解调译码。400 MHz的宽带OFDM信号的这种变形更加明显,影响了NTN系统对高速数据业务的支持。针对该问题,首先,分析了低轨环境对宽带OFDM信号的影响。其次,提出了一种半实物仿真平台,基于该平台对分析结果进行了验证。验证结果表明,当低轨环境对信号在时域造成的等效采样偏差达到±70 ppm时,传统的地面基站接收算法已无法适应。最后,提出了通过变采样的方式来对±70 ppm变形进行补偿的方法,数据分析结果表明,16QAM调制的400 MHz带宽OFDM信号经过变采样后,采样偏差从±70 ppm降低到±16 ppm,EVM性能从21.5%提升至3.2%,星上能够正确译码。

       

      Abstract: In LEO broadband internet systems, the satellite gNB is the core equipment to achieve seamless global coverage and ubiquitous access. The 5G NR physical layer adopts OFDM waveform, and the high-dynamic LEO environment introduces time and frequency domain deformations to OFDM signals, which cause wrong decoding for the satellite gNB. These deformations are more severe for OFDM signals with a 400 MHz bandwidth, which prevents the NTN system from supporting high-speed data services. To solve this problem, this paper first analyzes the OFDM deformations in the LEO environment, and then proposes a hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform that verifies the analysis results. The verification shows that when the equivalent sampling frequency offset caused by the LEO environment is greater than ±70 ppm, the traditional terrestrial base station receiving algorithm does not work. Finally, a resampling method is proposed to compensate for the ±70 ppm deformation. Data analysis show that with the proposed method, the sampling frequency offset reduces from ±70 ppm to ±16 ppm, and the EVM performance is improved from 21.5% to 3.2% for 16 QAM~400 MHz OFDM signal, such that satellite can decode the signal correctly.