A review of the development of high-resolution spaceborne ocean microwave radiation measurement techniques

As an important technological tool for ocean observation, spaceborne microwave radiometers can continuously observe ocean environmental parameters all-day and all-weather, with characteristics such as wide range and high accuracy. It can provide important guarantees for numerical forecasting, typhoon monitoring, disaster prevention and reduction, and other applications. With the increasing demand for ocean applications, spaceborne ocean microwave radiometry technology is developing towards higher resolution and precision. The article introduces the concept, system composition, and development of new technologies for high-resolution ocean microwave radiometry, including multi-beam push-broom radiometers based on dense feed arrays, traditional interferometric radiometers, and distributed interferometric radiometers. Based on the characteristics and current technological level of three high-resolution microwave radiometry technologies, the development ideas of future spaceborne ocean microwave radiometry technologies were discussed, and development suggestions were given for different application needs.